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DYFAMED
| Latitude and Longitude: 43.4167N, 7.8667E |
| Depth: 2300m |
| Oceanographic Region: Ligurian Sea, Mediterranean |
News:The DYFAMED time-series site is part of the Mediterranean Ocean Observing System on Environment (MOOSE) and the HYDROCHANGES group
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History of the Site:
In the framework of the France-JGOFS program, a long-term time-series investigation (DYFAMED: Dynamics of Atmospheric Fluxes in the MEDiterranean sea) has been initiated in 1988 in the north-western Mediterranean Sea. The DYFAMED site was first equipped with sediment trap moorings and visited punctually for hydrological monitoring. Atmospheric deposition survey was at the same time initiated in 1988 at the Cape Ferrat station. Since 1991, monthly cruises have been conducted and most of the JGOFS core parameters recorded. The DYFAMED time-series program was initiated during the JGOFS era on the model of BATS (Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series) and HOT (Hawaii Ocean Time-series) (Karl et al. 2003), with the objective of contributing to the comprehensive understanding of the global carbon cycle.
The objectives of the DYFAMED program are as follows:
- to study the variations of hydrology and biogeochemistry at the seasonal and interannual scale
- to investigate the ecosystem response to atmospheric deposition events and to long-term environmental/climate forcing;
- to investigate and understand the ecological effects of meteorological forcing, especially the transition in community structure from spring mesotrophy to summer oligotrophy;
- to estimate the air-to-sea exchange of carbon dioxide.
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Parameters measured:
Atmospheric: Meteo France ODAS Buoy Cote d'Azur
The atmospheric observatory is located around 2 miles from the mooring and data are available in near realtime at
http://www.meteo.shom.fr/real-time/html/dyfamed.html
| Parameter |
Depths measured (m) |
Sensor |
Frequency |
| Wind speed and direction |
3.5 m asl |
Vector Instruments A100L2/SRW1G-M |
1/ hour (10 mn average) |
| Relative humidity |
3 m asl |
Rotronic Hydroclip S3 |
1/ hour (10 s average) |
| Air temperature |
3 m asl |
Pyrocontrole PT100 1/3 thermometer |
1/ hour (10 s average) |
| SST |
1 m |
Pyrocontrole EK 4494 PT100 1/5 classe A |
1/ hour (10 s average) |
| Wave height and period |
surface |
Datawell Hippy-40 |
1/ hour (over 17.5 mn sample) |
Sub-surface mooring: NB. data are not currently available in near real-time.
| Parameter |
Depths measured (m) |
Sensor |
Frequency |
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| Temperature |
170, 200, 350, 500, 700, 1000, 1500, 2000 |
Seabird SBE 37 RS 232 and RBR |
1min (RBR), 6 min (SBE37) |
| Salinity |
200, 700, 1000, 2000 |
Seabird SBE 37 RS 232 |
6 min |
| Currents |
200, 1000m |
RCM and Aquadopp |
2 hours |
| Particle flux (Sediment traps) |
200, 1000m |
Technicap PPS5 |
Water Bottle Samples |
Monthly CTD Rosette profiler and water samples:
| Parameter |
Depths measured (m) |
Sensor |
Frequency |
| Temperature |
profile 10 to 2300 |
SBE |
month (profile 5cm) |
| Salinity |
profile 10 to 2300 |
SBE |
month (profile 5cm) |
| Dissolved O2 |
profile 10 to 2300 |
SBE |
month (profile 5cm) |
| Dissolved O2 (bottles) |
10, 20, 45, 60, 80, 100, 200, 500, 700, 1000, 1500, 2000 |
water samples |
month |
| Nutrients (bottles) |
10, 20, 45, 60, 80, 100, 200, 500, 700, 1000, 1500, 2000 |
water samples |
month |
| AT-CT and pH (bottles) |
10, 20, 45, 60, 80, 100, 200, 500, 700, 1000, 1500, 2000 |
water samples |
month |
| zooplankton |
0 to 100m vertical tow |
Net WP2 |
month |
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Enhancement/Modifications planned within EuroSITES:
Continuation: Monthly sampling cruise at DYFAMED site for core parameters acquisition (physical, biogeochemical and biological).
Enhancement: Atmospheric parameters and higher resolution of temperature and salinity on sub-surface mooring added in 2009 to observe and record high frequency variability of water mass circulation in the Ligurian Sea (advection, diffusion and water mass convection).
Sensors trialed in EuroSITES project at DYFAMED include:
| Parameter |
Depths measured (m) |
Sensor |
Frequency |
| Deep oxygen consumption (2009-2010) |
2000m |
IODA6000 (Optode Aanderaa O2) |
6 min |
| Mesozooplankton (deployment planned December 2010) |
0-100m (tbc) |
McLane ZPS |
~ 5days |
*Deployment of a joint IODA-ZPS mooring is planned for December 2010*
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Contacts:
Principal Investigator: Dr. Laurent Coppola
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Associated projects and links
DYFAMED website: http://www.obs-vlfr.fr/sodyf
The DYFAMED time-series site is part of the Mediterranean Ocean Observing System on Environment (MOOSE).
Dyfamed is also part of the HYDROCHANGES group
Also visit BOUSSOLE marine optics monitoring: http://www.obs-vlfr.fr/Boussole/
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